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God's Politics

Iran: Twitter, Truth, and Revolution

by Julie Clawson 06-23-2009

090623-iran-woman-fistI have been doing my best to keep up with the ongoing events in Iran. I don’t know enough to truly understand the nuances of the election or the political science behind it all, but like many others, I’ve been caught up in the human drama of it all. Photos like this one literally brought tears to me eyes.

Knowing the plight of women in Iran, and hearing even limited stories in interviews or from the book Reading Lolita in Tehran, connected me on a visceral level with all that this picture symbolized. And those of us following the hundreds of tweets a second with the #iranelection tag can’t help but be overwhelmed at the role social networking is playing in this revolution.

But that of course begs the question of the validity of using Twitter as news source. Just follow the hashtag for a few minutes and anyone can see that there is a lot of confusion about what is really happening. One person can say something and it gets re-tweeted hundreds of times regardless of whether or not it is true. And while we have all witnessed the ability of other open-source projects like Wikipedia to self-regulate, this Twitter revolution is too intense and caught up in the moment to do so well, if at all. So other media outlets are left trying to sort fact from fiction and have then found themselves attacked when they question some of the more emotional aspects of what is going on. Was there really election fraud? How many protesters are actually involved? Were the election results really leaked? For those caught up in the momentum of the moment, those questions challenge the very thing they are fighting for.

So in watching this unfold, I have to wonder how much truth does matter when it comes to something like revolution. If the truth is that Ahmadinejad won fair and square and that there was only a small group of protesters, does that truth matter if the lies that were spread end up being the catalyst that spark change on a massive scale? It seems to me that in situations like these, the details matter less than the cause. If the viral spread of information on Twitter — albeit unsubstantiated, possible misinformation — ends up pushing people beyond the tipping point in the fight for freedom, can we really call that information bad?

These are just the thoughts that run through my head as I watch this whole thing unfold. I don’t know where it will lead, or if it is truly a revolution of any sort. But at the same time I can’t help but wonder how differently other atrocities like the Tiananmen Square massacre or even the Holocaust would have gone if Twitter’s passionate spread of information — even before it could be verified — had been around then. Would enough people knowing about them and getting angry have stopped them? Or, for that matter, why isn’t there the same passion and endless Twitter campaigns for other freedom issues like human trafficking?

Julie Clawson is the author of Everyday Justice: The Global Impact of Our Daily Choices (IVP 2009).  She blogs at julieclawson.com and emergingwomen.us.

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  • You "wonder how other atrocities would have gone...had Twitter been around..."

    While watching the events in Iran unfold, I have been drawn back to memories of the fall of Communism under Gorbachev and Yeltsin on the tank. The Soviets closed off all phones, but weren't aware enough of the internet, and the listserves and email ran wild, though there was only one connection into the USSR, over a modem. (There were requests for Westerners not to use up bandwidth going into the USSR.) I kept many of those emails from a usenet I frequented at the time. Here's a couple from those heady days:

    " To all people of good will!
    We want you to know that the democracy in the USSR
    is in great danger. The junta of Yanaev, Yazov,
    Kruchkov etc. try to displace legal power with
    the help of military forces. They want to return
    to the old communist system, to put an end to
    perestroika and glasnost. Under their power there
    will be no human rights, no disarmament, no market
    economy.
    Right now the center of Moscow is surrounded by
    tanks and soldiers. Thousands of people are standing
    around the house of Russian Parliament ready to defend
    Russian Governement and Boris Yeltsin. A lot of mines
    and plants are on strike. Do not believe that soviet
    people support this anti-constitutional committee.
    We, the youth of this country, do not want anybody
    to bring back the past.
    We need your moral support! Demand that your
    governements do not have any affairs with Yanaev
    and his accomplices. Demand the return of legal
    president Gorbachev. Down with the communist tyranny!"

    " Date: Tue, 20 Aug 91 00:17:31 +0300 (MSD)
    Subject: Re: Info for Soviet Trip

    Hi!
    Don't worry, we're OK, though frightened and angry.
    Moscow is full of tanks and military machines, I hate them.
    They try to close all mass media, they shuted up CNN an hour ago,
    soviet TV transmites opera and old movies.
    But, thanks Heaven, they don't consider RELCOM mass media or
    they simply forgot about it. Now we transmit the information
    enough to put us in prison for the rest of our life :-)
    Hope, all will turn out well at long last..."

    "From: (Dimitri Rakitin)
    Newsgroups: talk.politics.soviet
    Date: 21 Aug 91 15:49:33 GMT
    Sender: news-server@relcom
    Organization: Steepler Ltd.
    Lines: 48


    WE WON !!!"

    Twitter is good for items like the last, but I think we've lost something in not being able to hear more information, as we did during the fall of Communism.
  • Stein
    Julie wonders whether: "the viral spread of information on Twitter — ... possible misinformation — ends up ..., can we really call that information bad?"

    I don't want to get into "ends justifies the means" thinking. I suspect that misinformation will cause more trouble down the road, even if it appears to be driving something positive in the present. There's a lot to be said for knowing the truth -- after all, it'll "set you free".
  • Nathan Bedford
    The only way that the events in Iran can have a "happy ending" is if the protests result in the replacement of the current Revolutionary Council with a government that truly represents the people. Unfortunately, the overthrow of an existing government seldom occurs by peaceful means only. At some point the protests will have to turn violent and the protestors must attract the support of at least some of the armed forces. Any government that replaces the existing one can claim legitimacy only if there is no outside support.

    If there is one lesson that we can take from the debacle in Iraq, it is that foreign powers have limited abilities to influence the internal politics. Though the Shiites and Sunnis have major differences, they share a common hatred of the United States.
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